In this post, we will construct a real-time real-time countdown timer circuit using 7-segment display and Arduino.
We will see:
- What is a countdown timer?
- Stopwatch vs Countdown Timer
- Design of the proposed circuit
- Pinout of IC4026
- How to decrement digits on 7 segment display using IC4026
- Full schematic
- description
- program code
- How to operate this countdown timer
What is a countdown timer?
A countdown timer is a digital, analog, or software timer that counts down time to show the remaining time. A countdown timer will stop counting when the count reaches zero.
Stopwatch vs Countdown Timer:
We will compare between stopwatch and countdown timer in this section.
In short, the main difference between the two is:
With the countdown timer, we set a predetermined time to complete a task, but with the stopwatch, we time how long the task took.
Stopwatch:
At numerous points in our lives we use a stopwatch to measure the timing of many events, for example: When playing a board game or at a sporting event or when cooking, to avoid overcooking or undercooking food.
The stopwatch starts counting from zero and increases. The count will be stopped manually when the task is completed. It shows the time it took to complete the task from the beginning. When you reset the stopwatch, it settles to zero.
Countdown-Timer:
We also knowingly or unknowingly use the countdown timer in numerous places in our lives, for example: timers on the microwave oven.
In the countdown timer, the amount of time is predetermined to complete a task. For example, we set 2:00 min to heat a food, once the timer counts to zero, it stops its operation.
By now you would have an idea about stopwatch and countdown timer and when to use these two timers.
Design of the proposed circuit:
Now let's dive into the design explanation of the countdown timer.
We will use a 7 segment display to show the counts in combination with the IC 4026 display driver. The proposed circuit will have two digits for the minutes count and two more digits for the seconds count.
The minute digits can be set to a maximum of 99 minutes and the second digits to a maximum of 59 seconds. When the time is set, the timer digits count down.
Two pushbuttons are provided for setting the time, each digit can be set individually. A buzzer is provided to sound an alarm when the counts reach zero.
Now let's look at the pin diagram of IC 4026 driving the 7 segment display.

Pinbelegung des IC 4026:
- Pin #1 is Clock-In, where you input the clock signal.
- Pin #2 is clock inhibit, when this pin is connected to high, the IC ignores the clock pulses and does not increase the digit. It should be connected to GND to enable count increase.
- Pin #3 is the display enable, when you set this pin high, the 7-segment display lights up. When this pin is low you can't see the digits, but it counts the digit internally.
- Pin #4 is not used here.
- Pin #5 is executed, for every 10 pulses, pin #5 goes high, or we can say this pin is divided by 10 output. We'll use the output of this pin as an input for the clock in of another IC4026.
- Pin #6, #7, #9, #10, #11, #12, #13 are output for the 7 segment display.
- Pin #8 is ground supply.
- Pin #15 is reset, when this pin is connected to high, the IC resets the count to zero, it should be connected to ground during counting.
- Pin #16 is Vcc (maximum 3 to 15V)
NOTE: The IC 4026 is designed to increment (not decrement) the digits on the 7-segment display.
How to decrement digits on the 7-segment display with IC4026:
We know that IC 4026 always increases the count on the 7-segment display when we apply a clock pulse to the clock pin, but how can we use IC 4026 to decrease digits? Well, this is achieved by using a microcontroller and programming it in a smart way. Let's examine that now.
Usually IC4026 is used in applications where the numbers need to be increased. To increase the digit from "0" to "1" we apply an impulse, to increase from "1" to "2" we apply another impulse, to increase to the next digit we apply another pulse on; This is the same up to the digit "9" and the cycle continues.
Counting down the digit is only possible with the help of a microcontroller, which should be programmed as described below.
Arduino controls the rest pin and clock pin of all four IC 4026, to display the digit "9" on the 7-segment display, the Arduino applies nine pulses quickly to the clock pin, to display the digit "8", the Arduino applies one Pulse to reset pin which zeroes the count and quickly applies 8 pulses to the IC. To display the digit "7", the Arduino applies a pulse to the reset pin and 7 pulses fast to the clock pin.
The pulses are applied to the reset pin and the clock pin so fast that we don't see a number transition while it counts backwards from 9 to 0.
By now you understood how we can count backwards with an IC designed primarily for counting up digits.
Countdown Timer Circuit Diagram:

The schematic above shows how to connect acommon cathode displayto the output pins of IC 4026.

Download a high resolution image of the schematic:click here
The circuit is self-explanatory; Just connect the circuit according to the diagram.
Program code: Verified and error-free
//-------<electronics-project-hub>com-------//art int clk_ML = 2;art int clk_MR = 3;art int clk_SL = 4;art int clk_SR = 5;art int first_ML = 6;art int rst_MR = 7;art int first_SL = 8;art int first_SR = 9;art int DE_ML = 10;art int DE_MR = 11;art int DE_SL = 12;art int DE_SR = 13;art int incl = A0;art int OK = A1;art int Summer = A2;int I = 0;int j = 0;int war = 0;int var1 = 0;int var2 = 0;int var3 = 0;int var4 = 0;int secR = 0;int Sek = 0;int MinL = 0;int MinR = 0;int X = 0;int a = 0;int b = 0;int c = 0;int d = 0;int e = 0;boolesch configuration = Is correct;boolesch Halt = NOT CORRECT;Empty configuration(){ pinMode(clk_ML, EXIT); pinMode(clk_MR, EXIT); pinMode(clk_SL, EXIT); pinMode(clk_SR, EXIT); pinMode(rst_ML, EXIT); pinMode(rst_MR, EXIT); pinMode(rst_SL, EXIT); pinMode(rst_SR, EXIT); pinMode(DE_ML, EXIT); pinMode(DE_MR, EXIT); pinMode(DE_SL, EXIT); pinMode(DE_SR, EXIT); pinMode(inc, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(ok, INPUT_PULLUP); PinMode (Summer, EXIT); all_rst(); digitalWrite(DE_ML, HOCH); digitalWrite(DE_MR, HOCH); digitalWrite(DE_SL, HOCH); digitalWrite(DE_SR, HOCH); Delay(500); Display_Test();}Empty Ribbon(){ if (Configuration) { digitalWrite(DE_ML, LOW); digitalWrite(DE_MR, LOW); digitalWrite(DE_SL, LOW); digitalWrite(DE_SR, HOCH); while (read digital(ok) != LOW) { if (digitalRead(inc) == LOW) { X = clk_SR; secR = secR + 1; c_inc(); Delay(250); if (secR > 9) { secR = 0; } } } Delay(250); digitalWrite(DE_ML, LOW); digitalWrite(DE_MR, LOW); digitalWrite(DE_SL, HOCH); digitalWrite(DE_SR, LOW); while (read digital(ok) != LOW) { if (digitalRead(inc) == LOW) { X = clk_SL; Sek = Sek + 1; c_inc(); if (Section L > 5) { Sek = 0; digitalWrite(rst_SL, HOCH); digitalWrite(rst_SL, LOW); } Delay(250); } } Delay(250); digitalWrite(DE_ML, LOW); digitalWrite(DE_MR, HOCH); digitalWrite(DE_SL, LOW); digitalWrite(DE_SR, LOW); while (read digital(ok) != LOW) { if (digitalRead(inc) == LOW) { X = clk_MR; MinR = MinR + 1; c_inc(); Delay(250); if (MinR > 9) { MinR = 0; } } } Delay(250); digitalWrite(DE_ML, HOCH); digitalWrite(DE_MR, LOW); digitalWrite(DE_SL, LOW); digitalWrite(DE_SR, LOW); while (read digital(ok) != LOW) { if (digitalRead(inc) == LOW) { X = clk_ML; MinL = MinL + 1; c_inc(); Delay(250); if (MinL > 9) { MinL = 0; } } } digitalWrite(DE_MR, HOCH); digitalWrite(DE_SL, HOCH); digitalWrite(DE_SR, HOCH); var1 = secR; var2 = secL; var3 = MinR; var4 = MinL; configuration = NOT CORRECT; } var1 = var1 - 1; if (var1 == -1 && var2 == 0 && Halt == NOT CORRECT) { var1 = 9; var2 = 5; var3 = var3 - 1; } if (var1 == -1 && Halt == NOT CORRECT) { var2 = var2 - 1; var1 = 9; } if (var3 == -1) { var3 = 9; var4 = var4 - 1; } if (var1 == 9 && var2 == 5 && var3 == 9 && var4 == -1) { Halt = Is correct; the sum(); } while (Halt) { digitalWrite(DE_ML, LOW); digitalWrite(DE_MR, LOW); digitalWrite(DE_SL, LOW); digitalWrite(DE_SR, LOW); Delay(300); digitalWrite(DE_ML, HOCH); digitalWrite(DE_MR, HOCH); digitalWrite(DE_SL, HOCH); digitalWrite(DE_SR, HOCH); Delay(300); } Delay(1000); digitalWrite(rst_SR, HOCH); digitalWrite(rst_SR, LOW); to the (a = 0; a < var1; a++) { digitalWrite(clk_SR, HOCH); digitalWrite(clk_SR, LOW); } digitalWrite(rst_SL, HOCH); digitalWrite(rst_SL, LOW); to the (b = 0; b < var2; b++) { digitalWrite(clk_SL, HOCH); digitalWrite(clk_SL, LOW); } digitalWrite(rst_MR, HOCH); digitalWrite(rst_MR, LOW); to the (c = 0; c < var3; c++) { digitalWrite(clk_MR, HOCH); digitalWrite(clk_MR, LOW); } digitalWrite(rst_ML, HOCH); digitalWrite(rst_ML, LOW); to the (d = 0; d < var4; d++) { digitalWrite(clk_ML, HOCH); digitalWrite(clk_ML, LOW); }}Empty display_test(){ all_rst(); war = 10; to the (j = 0; j < 10; j++) { war = war - 1; to the (I = 0; I < war; i++) { digitalWrite(clk_ML, HOCH); digitalWrite(clk_MR, HOCH); digitalWrite(clk_SL, HOCH); digitalWrite(clk_SR, HOCH); digitalWrite(clk_ML, LOW); digitalWrite(clk_MR, LOW); digitalWrite(clk_SL, LOW); digitalWrite(clk_SR, LOW); } Delay(250); all_rst(); }}Empty all_first(){ digitalWrite(rst_ML, HOCH); digitalWrite(rst_MR, HOCH); digitalWrite(rst_SL, HOCH); digitalWrite(rst_SR, HOCH); digitalWrite(rst_ML, LOW); digitalWrite(rst_MR, LOW); digitalWrite(rst_SL, LOW); digitalWrite(rst_SR, LOW);}Empty c_incl(){ digitalWrite(X, HOCH); digitalWrite(X, LOW);}Empty the sum(){ to the (z = 0; e < 10; e++) { DigitalWrite (Summer, HOCH); Delay(100); DigitalWrite (Summer, LOW); Delay(100); }}//-------<electronics-project-hub>com-------//
This completes the circuit diagram and the program code.
How to operate this circuit:
- Turn on the circuit, the Arduino will perform a display test with all four displays counting from "9" to "0" at the same time. You should look and verify that all segments are properly connected, if not, check and repair the connection(s).
- After the display test, the rightmost digit (unit digit of the second) lights up and the remaining digits are off. Now press S1 to increase the seconds and press S2 (OK).
- After pressing S2, the tens digit of the seconds digit lights up and the pause does not appear. Now press S1 to increase the seconds and press S2 (OK).
- Now the minute unit will light up and press S1 to increase the minutes and press S2 (OK).
- The tens digit of the minute now lights up. Press S1 to increase and press S2 (OK), now the timer starts.
- Once the timer has counted all the digits to zero, a beep will sound and the display will flash.
Prototype:

Video:
Related project:How to make a countdown timer circuit with LCD and buzzer
If you have any questions about this project, please feel free to leave a comment. You are guaranteed to receive an answer from us.
Blogthor
My nickname isBlogger, I am a professional electronics engineer specializing in embedded systems. I am an experienced electronic hardware programmer and developer. I am the founder ofThis website, I am also a hobbyist, handyman and a constant learner. I love solving your technical questions through the comments section.
FAQs
How do you make a timer circuit? ›
To create the timer circuit for the desired time interval, simply change the value of the resistor R1 or Capacitor C1. We can use the different timer circuits of a different time delay to operate an alarm, a device, motors, etc. at a certain time interval. The main role in this circuit is played by the 555 Timer IC.
What is the real life application of 555 timer? ›Astable (free-running) mode – The 555 can operate as an electronic oscillator. Uses include LED and lamp flashers, pulse generation, logic clocks, tone generation, security alarms, pulse-position modulation, and so on.
How do I put a timer in the corner of my screen? ›- Tap the Start menu at the bottom left of the desktop screen.
- Click on “Alarms and Clock.”
- Select the “Timer.”
- Click on “Add New Timer” at the bottom right of the screen.
- Choose from the timing options (hours, minutes, or seconds).
- (optional) Add a timer name underneath the clock.
Position the 7 Segment Display so that the top row of pins are separated from the lower pins by the center gutter that divides the breadboard. Then connect a jumper wire from the resistor to pin 1 of the display. Finally, touch a jumper from the ground rail to pin 2 of the display as shown on the above diagram.
How do you make a DIY timer? ›...
- Place both bottle caps together with the tops touching. ...
- Drill a few small holes through both secured caps.
- Drill a hole in the middle of the side of each bottle.
- Attach the bottles to the caps. ...
- Fill the top bottle with water, through the hole on the side.
Use jumper wire to connect pins 4 and 8 to each other (red) and pins 2 and 6 to each other (yellow). Attach the positive lead of a speaker to pin 3 of the 555 and connect the negative lead to ground (pin 1). Low values of RA should be avoided because they prevent the 555 timer from discharging the capacitor C normally.
How do timers work in electronics? ›A timer is a small device that automatically opens and closes an electrical circuit for a specific period of time. In short, we can say that it allows you to program the on/off switching of different devices in a simple and straightforward manner.
Which type of electronic button will be used to decode a 7 segment? ›A Digital Decoder IC, is a device which converts one digital format into another and one of the most commonly used devices for doing this is called the Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) to 7-Segment Display Decoder.
How many bits are needed to display the 7 segment patterns? ›The seven-segment displays are configured as two 32-bit registers. Each byte of each register directly controls the segments of the corresponding displays, turning them on and off. Thus, it is necessary to provide some decoding to display hexadecimal values on the displays.
What are the two types of seven segment display? ›There are two different types of driving seven-segment displays:- the common anode type and the common cathode type. In the common anode type all the anodes on the display are tied to a common pin, typically the power source, and the LEDs are controlled via the cathodes with the ground being on and power being off.
How much current can a 555 timer handle? ›
The standard TTL 555 can operate from a supply voltage between 4.5 volts and 18 volts, with its output voltage approximately 2 volts lower than its supply voltage VCC. The 555 can source or sink a maximum output current of 200mA, (but it may get hot at this level), so the circuit variations are unlimited.
Are 555 timers still used? ›To that end, two types of 555 timers are in use today, both being eight-pin chips. The most common is the rectangular “V” package, which has four pins down each side. The other version, which used to be the most common but has now fallen somewhat from favor, is the circular “T” package.
What is IC 4026? ›4026 IC is a 4000 series IC. It is a CMOS seven-segment counter IC and can be operated at very low power. It is a decade counter, counts in decimal digits (0-9). It is used to display numbers on seven segment displays and it increment the number by one, when a clock pulse is applied to its PIN 1.
How do I put a countdown on my screen? ›Just long hold an empty area on your home screen and tap the "+" in the corner to get started. DRAG the Countdown DISPLAY wherever you want.
Is there an app where you can set multiple timers? ›The MultiTimer app allows you to beat the clock and manage time like never before. Efficiently tackle your daily tasks with task timers, cook your favorite dish with the help of a kitchen timer, create healthy study habits with a Pomodoro timer, and so many more options to help you throughout the day.
Is there a timer app that stays on screen? ›Pop Out Timer uses picture-in-picture to provide an always on-screen, floating timer or stopwatch. Great for presentations, workouts, cooking or anything that needs to be timed while using a full screen app.
Do 7-segment displays need resistors? ›Each individual LED in the 7-segment display needs a resistor between it and the Propeller's I/O pin. When each I/O pin is set to high (outputs 3.3 V), the LED it is connected to lights up. Any resistor value between 100 Ω and 1 kΩ will work for the LED resistor and the lower the resistance, the brighter the segment.
How to make a 7-segment display using Arduino? ›Connect either of the common pins (seven-segment pin 3 or 8) to the ground. And connect the rest of the pins to D2 to D9 of the Arduino through a current limiting resistor, as per the connection diagram. Just like driving an LED, it is preferable to use these current limiting resistors to increase the display life.
How do you control multiple 7-segment displays? ›To control the segments on a single-digit 7-seg display, you need at least seven GPIOs. And in order to control multiple digits at once, we need one additional GPIO for each scan pin. This can really add up, so we can use a shift register to increase the number of output pins available to us.
How do you make a Pomodoro timer? ›...
The basic process is as follows:
- Start a 25-minute timer.
- Work until the timer rings.
- Take a short, five minutes break.
- Every four pomodoros, take a longer break (15 minutes).
How many volts can a 555 timer handle? ›
555 supply (pins 1 and 8)
The 555 timer can be used with a supply voltage (Vs) in the range 4.5V to 15V (18V is the absolute maximum).
7555 IC is the CMOS version of 555 IC. It is capable of producing accurate time delays and frequencies. When used in monostable mode, the pulse width of the output wave can be controlled using an external resistor and capacitor. 7555- Timer is available as an 8-pin package.
What are the disadvantages of a 555 timer? ›One disadvantage of the popular 555 timer, however, is the inaccuracy of the timer setting. A 555 timer works through charging an external capacitor and detecting a voltage threshold. This circuit is very easy to create, but its accuracy depends strongly on the actual value of its capacitor.
What are the three major types of timers? ›There are three main types of PLC timers: – The on-delay timer, – The off-delay timer, – The retentive on-delay timer.
What are the two basic types of timers? ›Timers come in two classes: On-delay timers and off-delay timers.
What are the two types of timer? ›The two main types of light timers are mechanical and electronic, and come as hardwired or plug-in modules. The other two timers—astronomic and photocell—are really types of electronic timers, but we have separated them since they are so different.
What are the application of 7-segment display in real life? ›Seven segment displays are used in a wide range of devices. Examples include simple calculators, digital clocks, microwave ovens, refrigerators, and plenty of other devices that display numerals. With the express expansion of IoT, segmented displays have also followed suit, as they can be utilized in numerous ways.
What other technology can be used to make a 7-segment display? ›Seven-segment displays may use a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED) for each segment, or other light-generating or control techniques such as cold cathode gas discharge (Panaplex), vacuum fluorescent, incandescent filaments (Numitron), and others.
What diode is used in seven segment displays? ›Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) arranged in the shape of numbers offer an easily visible display. They are sometimes called "seven-segment displays" or "seven-segment indicators."
How many LEDs are used in seven segment display? ›A 7-segment display is a form of electronic display device that consists of seven LEDs arranged in a rectangular fashion. Each LED is called a segment that maps to one of the terminals A through G.
How do you know if a 7-segment is common cathode or anode? ›
Put your multimeter's black lead on pin 3 or 8. Both are common pin as they are internally connected. Now put your meter's red lead on any other pin such as 1 or 5. If any of the display's segments glow then the display is common cathode.
How many wires does a 7-segment display have? ›In order to wire up the seven segment display, we'll need digital lines for the 7 segments (and another for the decimal point) and then 4 more digital lines to select which digit to display. This gives a total of 12 pins!
What is the voltage of 7-segment display? ›This is a basic, 4-digit 7-segment display - blue in color. It has a common anode. The display features one decimal point per digit, and individually controllable apostrophe and colon points. The LEDs have a forward voltage of 3.4VDC and a max forward current of 20mA.
How many pins can be used to connect power to a 7-segment display? ›Seven segment display is an electronic circuit consisting of 10 pins. Out of 10 pins 8 are LED pins and these are left freely. 2 pins in middle are common pins and these are internally shorted.
What is seven segment display in basic electronics? ›A seven-segment display is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot matrix displays.
How many LEDs can a 555 timer drive? ›Using a CMOS 555 timer and a single NPN transistor, you can drive as many as seven LEDs using a minimal amount of voltage and power from a single NiMH (nickel-metal-hydride) AA cell. The circuit works by creating much higher-voltage pulses than the voltage for powering the circuit by pulsing a high-Q power inductor.
Can a 555 timer drive a Mosfet? ›The original bipolar 555 timer, the NE555, is excellent for driving a power MOSFET's gate. Newer CMOS versions such as the 7555, LMC555, and TLC555 use less power, but they have trouble sourcing enough current to drive a gate well and can even be damaged by load mismatch.
What type of capacitor is best for 555 timer? ›What you want (or rather, what is practical and most cost effective) is a C0G/NP0 ceramic capacitor. Not any ceramic capacitor, but a C0G/NP0 dielectric.
What is the modern equivalent of 555 timer? ›The bipolar 555 timer is essentially obsolete. However, the CMOS equivalent is still widely used in modern circuits and products.
Is 555 timer analog or digital? ›The 555 can be used as a simple ADC, converting an analog value to a pulse length (e.g., selecting a thermistor as timing resistor allows the use of the 555 in a temperature sensor with the period of the output pulse determined by the temperature).
Can you use an Arduino as a 555 timer? ›
This is an emulation of a 555 timer chip that runs on an Arduino. It can run most basic 555 circuits with no change to the program or the wiring of the emulator. The picture shows the emulator setup to run an astable oscillator circuit.
How does a 7493 IC work? ›The 7493 is a four-bit ripple counter with a common reset. The 7493 can be used as a MOD-2, a MOD-8 or a MOD-16 counter without the reset. By using the reset inputs, the 7493 can be configured in any Modulo number up to 16. The 7490 is a four-bit ripple counter that has a divide-by-2 section and a divide-by-5 section.
What does IC 4017 do? ›IC 4017 is a digital counter plus decoder circuit. This pin goes high after the IC counts from 1 to 10. This is used as carry while counting. The IC can work from 3V to 15V, but normally powered with +5V to the Vdd/Vcc pin and the Ground/Vss pin is connected to ground.
What is IC 7490 called? ›BD 1.300. IC 7490 can count the binary numbers from 0000 to 1001. After 1001 it gets reset and again starts counting. As the IC 7490 gets reset after counting ten numbers, it is called MOD-10 Decade Counter.
How do I create a timer in Propresenter 7? ›Click the plus (+) button in the upper right corner to add a new timer. This will add the default timer, which is a traditional countdown timer. There are two key things we'll look at right now. The first is the text box that says "Timer".
How do you make a DIY Timer? ›...
- Place both bottle caps together with the tops touching. ...
- Drill a few small holes through both secured caps.
- Drill a hole in the middle of the side of each bottle.
- Attach the bottles to the caps. ...
- Fill the top bottle with water, through the hole on the side.
The calendar feature in ProPresenter allows you to schedule the playback of presentations. To schedule a calendar event, let's go to View and down to Calendar. Currently, you'll see that there's no event scheduled. We can add a calendar event by hitting the Add icon.
How do I create a Timer in Visual Studio? ›- Select the Toolbox tab, in the Components category, double-click or drag the Timer component to your form. ...
- Select the Timer1 icon to select the timer. ...
- Set the Interval property to 750, which is 750 milliseconds. ...
- Choose the timer control icon and then press Enter, or double-click the timer.
You just need to use New-Object to create a stopwatch! It's as easy as 1, 2, $stopWatch = New-Object -TypeName System. Diagnostics.
Who owns ProPresenter? ›The Power of Impact
Out of this knowledge and hands-on experience, Renewed Vision continues to develop ProPresenter, ProVideoPlayer, ProVideoServer, and ProPresenter® Scoreboard.
How do you make a timer for a team? ›
- Share a video with the share feature of a countdown timer. ...
- Use OBS with a countdown timer video file. ...
- Use a countdown timer plugin script for OBS to manage countdown timers text files inside of OBS.
On the bottom corner of the editor, click on the Timer icon. Select the time and enter the period you want. By default, the timer is set to 5 minutes. To start the timer, click on the Play icon.
How do you make a slide automatic? ›...
Important:
- Open a presentation in Google Slides.
- Click File. Publish to the web.
- Choose Link or Embed.
- Under "Auto-advance slides," choose how much time you want to add between slides.
- Click Publish. Ok.
- Open your PowerPoint presentation.
- Click the [Slide Show] tab > From the "Set Up" group, click "Set Up Slide Show".
- From the resulting dialogue box, check "Loop continuously until 'Esc'" under the "Show options" section > Click [OK].
Slides Timer is an extension which will automatically bring timers to life in presented slides. Times placed between << and >> will be replaced with a timer. Use - as the last character to count down from the specified time. Use + to count up from the specified time.